Protection of infectious respiratory diseases

Protection of infectious respiratory diseases

The sudden invasion of COVID-19 completely disrupted the normal operation of all countries in the world. By May 13th, the number of confirmed cases in the world had reached 4.26 million, and the number of deaths had reached 288000. The shocking numbers reminded people of the terrible infectious diseases.

After more than four months of fighting, the epidemic situation in China has been well controlled and achieved remarkable results, but there is still a long way to go before the real victory, still facing the pressure of increasing cases imported from abroad and internal rebound. In this situation, we still need to learn how to do a good job of personal protection in front of respiratory infectious diseases.

On May 13th, in the “515 Fosun Health+” event live broadcast room, Mr. Li Liang, vice president of Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, chairman of tuberculosis branch of Chinese Medical Association, deputy director of tuberculosis research and training cooperation center of World Health Organization and member of disease control expert committee of National Health Care Commission, shared the "protection of respiratory infectious diseases" and put forward many practical suggestions. Let's get to know it!

Protection formula: ventilate frequently, avoid gathering, wash hands frequently and wear masks.

One core prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases is avoiding saliva droplets. The virus or bacteria of respiratory infectious diseases are transmitted by droplets. If a healthy person inhales the droplets containing pathogenic bacteria (smaller than the droplets), he might be infected.

"Do a good job in personal protection, away from infectious diseases and close to health."

According to the spread principle of infectious diseases, there are three control steps of respiratory infectious diseases: management control, environmental control and personal respiratory control.

Management control is the first line of defense and the most effective core, which can avoid the droplet formation. Management control are divided into three steps: early detection, early isolation and early treatment. Early detection is the use of modern diagnostic technology (such as nucleic acid, image nucleus, etc.) to find pathogens, isolation is to block transmission, protect vulnerable people, and then treat infectious patients.

Environmental control is the second line of defense, which can be aimed at the generation, prevention and avoidance of droplets. On the basis of management control, the concentration of droplets in the air can be reduced. The main measures include ventilation, ultraviolet and chemical disinfection. The most common ventilation measures are natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation using electric fans, air conditioners, fresh air and negative pressure wards. UV irradiation can reduce the concentration of droplets in the air, because UV can kill the pathogens of droplets in the air.

The last line of defense is personal protection and control. Some measures are taken to prevent healthy people from inhaling the droplets containing pathogens. The most common method is to wear a mask.

The weather is getting hot soon, and the central air conditioning of the building is open. How to prevent and control the Coronavirus?

Air conditioning is an important ventilation tool, which can achieve air circulation, but the external disinfection of air conditioning should be done before use. The second is to minimize the use of central air conditioning, preferably split air conditioning. Finally, in the case that the prevention and control is still relatively unsuccessful, we should try to reduce the use of air conditioning.

How to choose the right mask?

There are two important indexes for choosing masks: filtering efficiency and coincidence. Filtration efficiency is the core and the most important index. It refers to the percentage of particulate matter in the air that can be filtered out by the mask under certain conditions, including droplets and droplet cores. The greater the filtration efficiency, the better the effect. For example, the filter efficiency of the mask is 95%, which means that under certain conditions, the particulate matter in the air can be filtered by more than 95%, and the protective effect is good.

The degree of fit refers to the degree of fit between the mask and the face. Although the filtering efficiency is good, the effect of the protection won’t be good if the degree of fit between the mask and the face is not high enough. And the effect of the mask with nose clip is better than that without nose clip.

The principle of choosing the type of mask is to choose according to the risk of contact with infectious patients. If you are closer to infectious patients, you should wear the best protective mask, that is, medical prevention and control mask. If you are far away, you can wear surgical mask. During the period of epidemic prevention and control, we need to wear masks for a longer time.

In addition to the three prevention and control measures, what else should we pay attention to?

For novel coronavirus pneumonia, it can be spread through the respiratory tract or through the disease transmitted by hand. The hygiene of hands is very important. We must pay attention to washing hands frequently. If you need to use the elevator, to touch the door handle, etc., you must pay attention not to use the inner side, but to use the opposite side, because the inner side has larger contact surface, and it is easier to contact other parts of the body.